Adhkār أذكار Ṣalāh & ʿIbādah
Plural of dhikr — the transmitted litanies.
Ākhirah آخرة ʿAqīdah
The Hereafter.
Barakah بركة General
Divine blessing — increase without measure.
Dhikr ذكر Ṣalāh & ʿIbādah
Remembrance of Allah — verbal and inward.
Duʿāʾ دعاء Ṣalāh & ʿIbādah
Personal supplication and calling upon Allah.
Farḍ / Wājib فرض / واجب Fiqh
Obligatory — abandoning is sinful.
Fatwā فتوى Fiqh
A non-binding legal opinion issued by a qualified scholar.
Fiqh فقه Fiqh
Islamic jurisprudence — human understanding of the Sharīʿah.
Ghusl غسل Ṣalāh & ʿIbādah
Full-body ritual bath.
Ḥadīth حديث Qurʾān & Ḥadīth
A reported saying, action, or tacit approval of the Prophet ﷺ.
Ḥajj حج Ṣalāh & ʿIbādah
The annual pilgrimage to Makkah.
Ḥalāl حلال Fiqh
Permissible according to Islamic law.
Ḥarām حرام Fiqh
Forbidden — carries sin if done.
Hijrah هجرة Seerah & History
The Prophet's ﷺ migration from Makkah to Madīnah.
Iḥrām إحرام Ṣalāh & ʿIbādah
The consecrated state of a pilgrim.
Iḥsān إحسان ʿAqīdah
Worshipping Allah as though you see Him.
Ijmāʿ إجماع Fiqh
Consensus of the qualified scholars.
Ijtihād اجتهاد Fiqh
Independent legal reasoning by a qualified scholar.
Ikhlāṣ إخلاص Ethics & Tazkiyah
Sincerity — worshipping Allah alone with pure intention.
Imām إمام General
A leader — most commonly, one who leads congregational prayer.
Īmān إيمان ʿAqīdah
Faith — belief affirmed by the heart, tongue, and limbs.
Islām إسلام ʿAqīdah
Voluntary submission to Allah.
Isnād إسناد Qurʾān & Ḥadīth
The chain of narrators of a ḥadīth.
Jahannam جهنم ʿAqīdah
Hellfire — the punishment of the wrongdoers.
Jannah جنة ʿAqīdah
Paradise — the eternal reward of the believers.
Jihād جهاد Ethics & Tazkiyah
Struggle or exertion in Allah's cause.
Jumuʿah جمعة Ṣalāh & ʿIbādah
The Friday congregational prayer.
Kaʿbah كعبة Seerah & History
The sacred house at the centre of Masjid al-Ḥarām.
Khilāfah خلافة Seerah & History
The caliphate — Islamic political succession.
Laylat al-Qadr ليلة القدر Ṣalāh & ʿIbādah
The Night of Decree — better than a thousand months.
Madhhab مذهب Fiqh
A school of Islamic legal thought.
Mahr مهر Society & Family
The bridal gift from groom to bride.
Makrūh مكروه Fiqh
Disliked — no sin, but better avoided.
Masjid مسجد General
Mosque — a place of prostration.
Mubāḥ مباح Fiqh
Neutral — neither rewarded nor sinful.
Nikāḥ نكاح Society & Family
Islamic marriage contract.
Qadar قدر ʿAqīdah
Divine decree and predestination.
Qiblah قبلة Ṣalāh & ʿIbādah
The direction of prayer — toward the Kaʿbah.
Qiyās قياس Fiqh
Analogical reasoning.
Ramaḍān رمضان Ṣalāh & ʿIbādah
The ninth month of the Hijri calendar — month of fasting.
Rizq رزق General
Provision — everything Allah provides for creation.
Ṣabr صبر Ethics & Tazkiyah
Patience and steadfastness.
Ṣadaqah صدقة Ethics & Tazkiyah
Voluntary charity.
Ṣaḥābah صحابة Seerah & History
The Companions of the Prophet ﷺ.
Ṣaḥīḥ صحيح Qurʾān & Ḥadīth
Authentic — the highest grade of ḥadīth.
Ṣalāh صلاة Ṣalāh & ʿIbādah
The obligatory ritual prayer — 5 times daily.
Ṣalawāt صلوات Ṣalāh & ʿIbādah
Sending blessings upon the Prophet ﷺ.
Ṣawm صوم Ṣalāh & ʿIbādah
Fasting from dawn to sunset.
Shahādah شهادة ʿAqīdah
The testimony of faith.
Sharīʿah شريعة Fiqh
Divine law — the sacred path.
Shirk شرك ʿAqīdah
Associating partners with Allah.
Shukr شكر Ethics & Tazkiyah
Gratitude to Allah.
Sunnah سنة Qurʾān & Ḥadīth
The way of the Prophet ﷺ — his sayings, actions, and approvals.
Tābiʿūn تابعون Seerah & History
The generation that followed the companions.
Tafsīr تفسير Qurʾān & Ḥadīth
Exegesis — explanation of the Qurʾān.
Ṭalāq طلاق Society & Family
Divorce initiated by the husband.
Taqwā تقوى Ethics & Tazkiyah
God-consciousness — mindful protection from sin.
Ṭawāf طواف Ṣalāh & ʿIbādah
Circumambulation of the Kaʿbah.
Tawbah توبة Ethics & Tazkiyah
Sincere repentance and return to Allah.
Tawḥīd توحيد ʿAqīdah
The absolute oneness of Allah.
Tayammum تيمم Ṣalāh & ʿIbādah
Dry ablution using pure earth.
Tazkiyah تزكية Ethics & Tazkiyah
Purification of the soul.
Ummah أمة Society & Family
The global Muslim community.
Walīmah وليمة Society & Family
The marriage feast.
Wuḍūʾ وضوء Ṣalāh & ʿIbādah
Ritual ablution before prayer.
Zakāh زكاة Ṣalāh & ʿIbādah
Obligatory annual purifying charity.
ʿAqīdah عقيدة ʿAqīdah
Islamic creed — the tenets of belief.
ʿĪd عيد Ṣalāh & ʿIbādah
The two annual Islamic festivals.
ʿUmrah عمرة Ṣalāh & ʿIbādah
The lesser pilgrimage — performable year-round.