Seerah

Life of the Prophet ﷺ

A chronological walk through the seerah — from the year of the elephant to the farewell pilgrimage — drawn from Ibn Hishām, Ibn Kathīr's al-Bidāya, and al-Mubārakpūrī's ar-Raḥīq al-Makhtūm.

  1. 570 CEage ~0
    Early Life

    Birth of the Prophet ﷺ

    Makkah

    Muḥammad ibn ʿAbdillāh ﷺ is born in the Year of the Elephant, into the noble Banū Hāshim of Quraysh.

  2. 576 CEage ~6
    Early Life

    Death of his mother Āmina

    Abwāʾ

    Returning from a visit to relatives in Madinah, his mother passes away; he is raised thereafter by his grandfather.

  3. 578 CEage ~8
    Early Life

    Death of ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib

    Makkah

    His grandfather dies, and his uncle Abū Ṭālib takes him into his household and protection.

  4. 595 CEage ~25
    Early Life

    Marriage to Khadīja (RA)

    Makkah

    After a trading journey to Shām for Khadīja bint Khuwaylid, she proposes marriage; they marry and remain devoted for 25 years.

  5. 605 CEage ~35
    Early Life

    Rebuilding of the Kaʿba

    Makkah

    Quraysh rebuild the Kaʿba; the Prophet ﷺ resolves a dispute over placing the Black Stone by lifting it on a cloth.

  6. 610 CEage ~40
    Prophethood

    First revelation — Iqraʾ

    Cave of Ḥirāʾ, Makkah

    The angel Jibrīl brings the first verses of Sūrat al-ʿAlaq. Khadīja (RA) is the first to believe.

  7. 613 CEage ~43
    Makkah

    Public call to Islam

    Mount Ṣafā, Makkah

    After three years of private daʿwah, the Prophet ﷺ climbs Ṣafā and openly invites Quraysh to worship Allah alone.

  8. 615 CEage ~45
    Makkah

    First Hijrah to Abyssinia

    Abyssinia (Habasha)

    A group of Muslims migrate to the just Christian king an-Najāshī to escape Quraysh's persecution.

  9. 616–619 CEage ~46–49
    Makkah

    Boycott of Banū Hāshim

    Shiʿb Abī Ṭālib, Makkah

    Quraysh impose a three-year social and economic boycott on Banū Hāshim in the valley of Abū Ṭālib.

  10. 619 CEage ~49
    Makkah

    Year of Sorrow — deaths of Khadīja and Abū Ṭālib

    Makkah

    Within a short time the Prophet ﷺ loses his beloved wife Khadīja and his protector uncle Abū Ṭālib.

  11. 620 CEage ~50
    Makkah

    Journey to Ṭāʾif

    Ṭāʾif

    Seeking support for the message, he is rejected and stoned. He returns making the famous duʿāʾ of humility.

  12. 621 CEage ~51
    Makkah

    al-Isrāʾ wa al-Miʿrāj

    Makkah → Jerusalem → the Heavens

    The night journey to Masjid al-Aqṣā and ascension through the heavens; the five daily prayers are prescribed.

  13. 622 CEage ~52
    Hijrah

    The Hijrah to Madinah — Year 1 AH

    Makkah → Yathrib (Madinah)

    The Prophet ﷺ migrates with Abū Bakr (RA), pursued by Quraysh. The Islamic calendar begins from this event.

  14. 1 AH / 622 CE
    Madinah

    Building of Masjid an-Nabawī and Constitution of Madinah

    Madinah

    The Prophet's mosque is built and a founding covenant is drawn between Muhājirūn, Anṣār, and the Jewish tribes.

  15. 2 AH / 624 CE
    Battles

    Battle of Badr

    Badr

    313 Muslims defeat a Quraysh army of ~1000. A decisive victory that Allah calls Yawm al-Furqān (the Day of Distinction).

  16. 3 AH / 625 CE
    Battles

    Battle of Uḥud

    Mount Uḥud, Madinah

    The Muslims suffer heavy losses when a group of archers leave their post; Ḥamza (RA) is martyred.

  17. 5 AH / 627 CE
    Battles

    Battle of the Trench (al-Khandaq)

    Madinah

    A confederate army besieges Madinah; a trench dug on Salmān al-Fārisī's counsel repels them.

  18. 6 AH / 628 CE
    Madinah

    Treaty of Ḥudaybiyya

    Ḥudaybiyya

    A ten-year truce with Quraysh; the Qurʾān calls it a manifest victory (Fatḥan Mubīnā).

  19. 7 AH / 628 CE
    Battles

    Conquest of Khaybar

    Khaybar

    The fortified oasis of Khaybar is opened, and letters are sent to kings inviting them to Islam.

  20. 8 AH / 630 CE
    Final Years

    Conquest of Makkah (Fatḥ Makkah)

    Makkah

    The Prophet ﷺ enters Makkah peacefully, forgives its people, and purifies the Kaʿba of 360 idols.

  21. 9 AH / 630 CE
    Battles

    Expedition of Tabūk

    Tabūk

    A large Muslim force marches to the Byzantine frontier; the enemy withdraws without battle.

  22. 10 AH / 632 CE
    Final Years

    The Farewell Pilgrimage (Ḥajjat al-Wadāʿ)

    ʿArafah, Makkah

    The Prophet ﷺ delivers his farewell sermon before ~124,000 companions; the verse of completion of the religion is revealed.

  23. 11 AH / 632 CEage ~63
    Final Years

    Passing of the Prophet ﷺ

    Madinah

    After a short illness, the Prophet ﷺ passes away in the chamber of ʿĀʾisha (RA) and is buried there.

Dates are approximate; classical sources differ by a year or two on some events. This timeline is an introductory reference, not a substitute for full seerah study.